October 15: National Black Day
Cheichat 15 October 15 October 1949 da loilam India na UN Charter gi Article 2(4), Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT)-1969, Manipur State Constitution Act-1947 amasung Indian Independence Act-1947 ki kanglonsing khonggaonaduna eramdam Manipur (Kangleipak) pu namlou lousinkhibabu yaningdaba uttuna chahi khudinggi October 15 bu “National Black Day” haina CorCom amadi Manipur meeyamna pangthoktuna lakli.
Tasengnamak, Manipur (Kangleipak) ki Ningthou Bodhachandra bu September 21, 1949 da Indian Forces na Manipur (Kangleipak) ki lam oiriba Shillong gi Redlands da langgoi chansillaga nongmei chindonda namthakki Merger Agreement da khutyek pihankhiba adu aggression (landaba) ni, aduga October 15 da Manipur (Kangleipak) pu India na lousinkhiba amasung Manipur (Kangleipak) ki puwariga sagonnaraklaba Shillong da leiba Manipur Rajbari hainasu khangnaba Redlands Building gi ariba structure sing (sanglensing) kumja 2025 gi October 8 amasung 9 da thugaikhiba adu annexation gi tarang tarangba thoudoksingni.
October 15, 1949 da Manipur (Kangleipak) bu India gi fiban nungda tinsinkhibagi matangda khanna-neinarakpada wahang khara chongthorak-e. Madudi India gi fibannung chandringeida, Manipur (Kangleipak) ki political status kari leikhibage? India na Manipur (Kangleipak) lousinkhiba asi international law gi mityengda achumba thabak amara nattraga, aranba thoudok amara?
India na lousinkhraba matung asida; Manipur (Kangleipak) na masagi hanna leijaramba political status ta hanjinba yabagi waram leitabra? Waram ahumsina mapung oiraga, mari leinaba waram macha macha kayasu thoraktaba natte. Khudam oina, India leingakna hek hek haijaba, “Manipur (Kangleipak) ki wafam asi India gi sovereignty gi wa manung chanbani, kanagumba meeoi nattraga leibak amattana India gi manunggi wafamda khut thingjinba chumde”. Hairiba wafam asi Manipur (Kangleipak) ki matangda kadai faoba chumbage?
Manipur (Kangleipak) ki puwari asi British ki nattraga, magi mahut sinba Indian imperialism gi mityeng ngaktada yengba tarabadi achumba adu thiba oithokte. Maramdi imperialism gi neina pathaptubu sijinnaba tarabadi, imperialism gi wangmada yengba oithokte. Annexation gi thoudok asi Manipur (Kangleipak) ki mahousadagi chattharakliba state (continuity of state) ki yumfam adudagi yengba tai. 1,100 A.D. dagi political constitution amagi makhada chingmee tammeegi apunba Manipur (Kangleipak) ama oiduna lakli. International Law amasung paramountcy khamkhibagi manungda Manipur(Kangleipak) ki waram neinabada saknairaba authority oiriba malemgi ayibasing ga loinana India gi authority oiriba ayiba kayagi wafamsu yengba tarak-e.
Ahanba waram: Malemgi lanjao anigi marakki matam (inter-war period, 1919-1945) da oikhiba state singgi political status si yamna toina, saktam amadi thak hong-e. Ahanba lanjaogi mamangda leiramba state system si houjikka chanaba yade-madu colonial oiba matamni. Imperialism, colonialism gi sanglaba manglamchatki matamna amukka henna chaneinaba helli. British Paramountcy haibasimak colony su nattaba, atoppa ningthou panba state singgi ningtambadasu khara sokpa, international law na masak hek khangba wahei watamaksu thokte. Maram adumaknani sovereign, semi sovereign state ki chap hek chaba characterization ama ngamdabasimak paramountcy gi matamda thoklibasi.
1947 ki mamangda Manipur (Kangleipak) ki political status asi ahanbamaktada loilamgi manung chande. Masigi matangda colonial source, Indian source, Manipur macha (Kangleicha) singgi source amadi independent source kayana chumle haina lounakhrabani. Congress na British Paramountcy gi mahut sinnaba kanna laknei, adubu makhoigi jurisdiction gi wangmadani-masi British ki firepni.
British ki native state ki wahanthok adu Congress ki wahanthokka mapa chap hek chanade. Congress luchingbasinggi mityengda native state haibasi Moghul, Sikh, Maratha leibaksinggi manung chankhiba leibak oina toina palli. Manipur di madugi fibanda chankhiba leite. Sardar Patel gi ‘Blood Relation’ state ki manungdasu Manipur (Kangleipak) ti chankhiba leite. Congress ki native state ki wahanthok manungda yengba tarabadi Manipur di Burma, Sri Lanka gumna tonganba leibakni. Congress na matam pumbada Indian Continent si lengdana chattharakpa state ama oina lanna lou-e.
1947 tadi Manipur (Kangleipak) masagi political constitution ama leijarabanina, international protectorate ama oijarabasu, autonomous state oikhrabani. Eikhoigi Constitution asi British nattraga Congress na piba nattabanina, makhoigi leingakki fiban-gi wangmada leiba Manipur gi constitution oi.
11 August, 1947 ta Manipur (Kangleipak) na Standstill Agreement amasung Accession Treaty khutyek piraba matungda Manipur (Kangleipak) ta lakkadouriba Indian Confederation da defence, external affairs amadi communication haiba hiram 3 asi khaidokkhraba matungda associate state oina lei. Wafam asi thamlaga, accession touraba matungda state adu maning tamba mangdri. Madu Accession Treaty gi Clause 7/8 na mayek sengna piri. Instrument of Accession (IOA) gi clause na piri- “Nothing in this Instrument shall be deemed to commit me (Manipur /Kangleipak) ki ningthou) in any way to acceptance of any future constitution of India or to fetter my discretion to enter into arrangements with Government of India under any such future constitution”. Clause 8 na piri- “Nothing in this Instrument affects the continuance of my sovereignty in and over this State, or save as provided by or under this Instrument, the exercise of any powers, authority and rights now enjoyed by me a Ruler of this State. Masigi mathakta, leibak amagi meehutna atoppa leibak amaga tounaruba treaty, agreement khudingmak mahakki leibakki National Parliament aduna ratify toudrabadi treaty, agreement adu chatnaba yaroi haina VCLT-1969 na hairi. Maram aduna Ningthou Bodhachandra na khutyek piruba Instrument of Accession (IOA) amasung Manipur Merger Agreement animak Manipur (Kangleipak) ki National Parliament na ratify toukhidabana treaty animak legal validity leite.
August 15, 1947 ta mamanggi status tagi henna wangkhattuna, sovereign state oiduna, Manipur (Kangleipak) Constitution gi makhada meeyamna khanjaba Natonal Assembly, 18 October, 1948 da famba houkhibadagidi tasengnamakki Sovereign oikhre. Ningtamba Manipur (Kangleipak) pu 15 October, 1949 da India leibakki fiban manungda lousinkhibasida, magi political status ta achouba ahongba lakkhre. India na Manipur (Kangleipak) pu annex tou-e. Annexation adubu matamdugi meeyamna khanjaba leingak, ching-tam meeyam, party kaya, leftist movement pumbana thingduna lakkhi. Madu ngasina Manipur (Kangleipak) ki ningatamnabagi thabak paikhatliba lupsingna madugi mayokta leiduna khutlai paibagi lal chatthari.
Anisuba waram: India na Manipur lousinkhibasi malemgi leingak pathap-chatnalonda chumbra-chumdabra haibasi yamna maru oiba wathok ama oi. Instrument of Accession, Standstill Agreement, Indian Independence Act, 1947 na state ki maningtambada sokhanba leite. Indian Independence Act, 1947 na state na dominion anigi marakta amada accession toubada thingba toude nattraga accession toubada mandate piba toude. Instrument of Accession aduna, Manipur (Kangleipak) ki hannadagi leijarakpa state continuity manghanba toude.
India (Hindustan) na annex toukhiba pumba United Nations (UN) na yakhiba natte. UN Security Council na, India na September, 1948 da Hyderabad ta landabadu khannanaba Nizam gi wakat adu louraba tungda, Nizam na India da maithiba yakhibadudagi, makha tana paikhatkhidre. India na January, 1961 da Goa lousinbadu UN Security Council na chumde haikhi. Bhutan na India ga leinaba marisi August 8, 1949 gi Treaty of Friendship ki matung inna India na Bhutan gi meereibakki marida lamjing-e. Kashmir gi wathokti ngasi faoba chatthari. UN Security Council na plebiscite tou haibadu India na ngasi faoba touba ngamdri. Sikkim gi matangda India gi 35th Constitution Amendment gi matung inna, Article 2A amadi 10 suba schedule hapchinkhi. India Leingakna supnatagi defence, communications, external affairs amadi social welfare lousinkhi. 35th Constitution Amendment na hairi- “Sikkim will not be part of the Territory of India, but an AssociateState”.Adubu36th Amendment tadi Sikkim India na annex toukhre. Ngasi matam amagi British Empire sandokpaduga chap mannana Indian Empire sandorakli. Imperialism di nongma ningkhaiba soidabani.
India na Manipur (Kangleipak) lousinkhibag wathoksi UN Security Council da wakatti pikhide, adumakpu mathakta pankhriba asidagidi annexation si law na yade haibasi UN na fajana khanghankhre. Makha tana ihou laktabadagi, wathoktu loisinkhrabasu, Manipur (Kangleipak) tadi annexation dubu yadaba meeyamna leptana masigi mayokta warep makhal kaya louduna khongjang chatthari. Mathangda yengba yaba wafamdi, Manipur (Kangleipak) ki ningthouna Manipur (Kangleipak) pu yumlonnaba meereibak amada tinsinnabagi matik-mangam leikhibra haibasini.
Akbar Hydari, Debeshwar Sharma, Katju na Manipur (Kangleipak) ki treaty relation bu yabagi mathakta British Paramountcy na Manipur (Kangleipak) ki maningtamba haibadu yabagi cherol kaya thokkhre. (See Mansergh, ed, Transfer of Power Vol.I to XII) Vienna Convention gi Article 8 subana piri, – mangam yaodraba mee adugi thabakna treaty pangthoklabadi legal effect leite. Treaty adu mangam yaodana khutyek piba tarabadi, chatnaba yade.
Manipur (Kangleipak) Constitution na ningthouna akanba treaty making power pibadi lairadana achamba figurehead oiba yakhrabani. Madugi mathakta, representative republican amadi popular leingak leikhraba matungda ningthougi matik-mayai leikhidre. Ningthou masamaknasu ShrI Prakash ta kayarak hanna ikhrabani. Maram aduna matamduda ningthougi treaty making power, capacity leitana khutyek tounakhiba cherolni. Merger Agreement gi Ahanba Article – His Highness the Maharajah of Manipur (Kangleipak) hereby cedes to the Dominion Government full and exclusive authority, jurisdictions and powers for and in relation to the governance of the State….” ta piriba “Cession” gi capacity Maharaj da leikhidre.
Manipur (Kangleipak) na ngasi faoba kaonadribadi, ningthou amabu faraga lanmeena koisillaga treaty khutyek pihanbaduni. Shri Prakash na Sardar Patel da thaba September 18, 1949 gi telegram duda lanfa oihallaga nignthoubu namduna thambadu palli- HH must not under any circumstances be allowed to return to Manipur with his advisors and I have accordingly instructed police to detain here his party if they attempt return before signing of agreement,
Please telegraph immediately repeat immediately authority for detention of HH and advisors under Regulation III or by whatever other means you consider might be appropriate.
Have already warned sub-areas to be prepared for any eventuality in Manipur (Kangleipak).
Lanfa amasu oiraba, lanmeena langoi challaba khutyek pibagi mangamsu suklei leijadraba mamingta ngairaba ningthou amana khutyek piba instrument/treaty adu chummi hainabagi maram amata thiba fangde- aduna, madu aranba, kanglon chumdaba yana-cheni haibada chingnaningai oide. Ningthouna, maram adumakna, Merger Agreement tu meeyam khanghandana lottuna thamkhi. Nongmeigi chindonda Manipur (Kangleipak) lousinba haibadu kanamtana chummi hairoi- meeyamna keidounungda Manipur (Kangleipak) annexation yakhiba leite- yadana lakkhibani.
Ahumsuba Waram: Leibak amabu lousinkhraba matungda, magi mangkhraba poilitical status aduda hanjinba yabra nattraga, madu loinamak mangkhrabra haiba wahangsing matam pumbada lak-e. Oiba yaba nattraga thokkhiba pathap khara makhada pijari. Madugi mathakta, UN gi Committee of 24 na loichankhraba lambu De-colonization tounabagi thabaktu yengshilli, mathou tarabadi UN Security Council da report pikhatli. Masisu Manipur gi matangda panba yaba wafam oiri.
Malemgi leingak pathapna Western Sahara Case ki wafamgumna, state aduna (India na) self-determination gi pathap inba tai. Lousinba touriba leibak adugi (India gi) “Territorial Integrity Rule” dagi self-determination unit tugi pathapna lumna chatli. Makha tana, anouba state sembada devolution nattraga cessation gi lambi anisi innari. Greece na Ottoman Empire dagi, Belgium na Netherlands dagi khaidokkhibagum, khaidokpagi pathaptagi Indonesia, North Korea, North Vietnam, Bangladesh, Guinea Bissau semkhi. Malem leingak pathap asina, ngasisu ahongba kaya lakkhraba matungda, state semba amadi state hing-gathanbagi thouram kayada, houkhibada yumfam oiraga, kanglon kaya yatli. Jawaharlal Nehru na magi “Discovery of India” da state singna chahi 10 gi matungda Right to secede leigani haina iri. UN gi member oidrabasu leibak amabu namfuda lousinbiba, (annex touba) haibasidi, malemgi chatna pathap amatana sougatpa toude, ahoinadum, maduna malemgi ‘Peace’ amadi ‘Security’ thugaibagi wafamni. United Nations gi ahanba thoudangdi malemda ‘Peace’ amadi ‘Security’ thambani. ‘Aggression’ amadi ‘Annexation’ asi U.N. System na yade, tangaifadrabadi madu mangam sijinnaduna thing-i.
India na Manipur (Kangleipak) pu namduna losinkhiba numit October 15 asi eikhoigi ningtamba amasung meeoibagi hak manglaba amamba numit “National Black Day” haina CorCom na khangnaduna lakli. Maram asina lakliba Engkumja 2026 ki October 15 asisu mahousagum ayukki pung 06:00 tagi numidangwairam pung 6:00 faoba Manipur (Kangleipak) ki mafam pumnamakta CorCom na pung 12 chupna Total Shutdown laothokle loinana meeyamna Shutdown asibu sougatpiyu. Total Shutdown manungda tangai-fadaba ana-layeng, meihou-langpok, e-pao amasung laining-laisol ga mari leinaba gi thabaksingdi komthokkani.
Kangla
10 October, 2026-
Publicity Committee-Corcom
Please Click Here to download the Official File: CorCom PR-15 OCT- National Black Day_10 Oct 2026